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Guidelines for the use of new crown prevention and control disinfectants of the National Health Office.

Guidelines for the use of disinfectants

February 2020

Words before

The new coronavirus belongs to the beta coronavirus, and its genetic characteristics are obviously different from SARSr-CoV and MERSr-CoV. There is no direct information on the resistance of the new coronavirus, and based on past knowledge of the coronavirus, all classical disinfection methods should be able to kill the coronavirus. When the SARS outbreak broke out in 2003, the World Health Organization only mentioned in the relevant guidelines that ultraviolet light was ineffective in killing the coronavirus.

Disinfectants are agents used to kill microorganisms on the media to meet the requirements of disinfection or sterilization. According to the active ingredients, it can be divided into alcohol disinfectant, chlorine disinfectant, iodine disinfectant, peroxide disinfectant, guanidine disinfectant, phenol disinfectant, quaternary ammonium disinfectant, etc.; according to the use, it can be divided into object surface disinfectant, medical device disinfectant, air disinfectant, hand disinfectant, skin disinfectant, mucosal disinfectant, epidemic source disinfectant, etc.; according to the ability to kill microorganisms, it can be divided into high level disinfectant, medium level disinfectant and low level disinfectant. Kan
During the prevention and control of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, disinfectants should be used rationally, and the "five strengthening and seven unsuitable" should be followed to truly cut off the route of transmission and control the epidemic of infectious diseases.
"Five Intensification": Disinfection at Any Time and Terminal Disinfection in Isolation Wards and Patients' Domiciles; Increase disinfection frequency on the surface of environmental objects in crowded places such as hospitals, airports and stations; Strengthen cleaning and disinfection of door handles and elevator buttons that come into high frequency contact. Garbage, feces and sewage are collected and treated innocuously. Do a good job in personal hand hygiene.
"Seven unfavorable": it is not suitable to carry out large-scale disinfection of outdoor environment; It is not suitable to disinfect the air in the external environment; It is not suitable to directly use disinfectant (powder) to disinfect personnel; It is not suitable to add disinfectant (powder) to the environment such as ponds, reservoirs and artificial lakes for disinfection; It is not allowed to use chemical disinfectant to disinfect the air (space) under the conditions of people; it is not advisable to use high-concentration chlorine-containing disinfectants (effective chlorine concentration greater than 1000mg/L) for preventive disinfection.
Rules
1 Sodium alcohol disinfectant
Effective ingredients of 1.1
Ethanol content is 70% ~ 80%(v/v), alcohol hand disinfectant> 60%(v/v), compound products can be based on product instructions.
Application Range of 1.2
Mainly used for hand and skin disinfection, can also be used for small object surface disinfection.
Method of 1.3 use
Sanitary hand disinfection: evenly spray hands or rub hands for 1~2 times for 1min.
Surgical hand disinfection: wipe 2 times for 3min.
Skin disinfection: Rub the skin surface 2 times for 3min.
Small object surface disinfection: wipe the surface of the object 2 times, the role of 3min.
Notes on 1.4
If the single use of ethanol for hand disinfection, it is recommended to use hand cream after disinfection.
Disinfectant for external use shall not be taken orally, and shall be placed in a place not easily accessible to children.
Flammable, away from fire.
Use with caution in persons allergic to alcohol.
Keep away from light and keep sealed in a cool, dry and ventilated place.
It is not suitable for the disinfection of the surface of fat-soluble objects, and can not be used for air disinfection.
2 chlorine-containing disinfectant
Effective ingredients of 2.1
In terms of effective chlorine, the content is expressed in mg/L or%, bleaching powder ≥ 20%, sodium dichloroisocyanurate ≥ 55%, and 84 disinfectant is usually 2% ~ 5% according to the product specification.
Application range of 2.2 plating
Applicable to the surface of objects, fabrics and other contaminated items as well as water, fruits and vegetables and food and beverage such as disinfection.
In addition to the above uses, hypochlorous acid disinfectant can also be used for disinfection of indoor air, surfaces of secondary water supply equipment and facilities, hands, skin and mucous membranes.
2.3 method of use.
When the surface of the object is disinfected, the concentration is 500mg/L; When the focus is disinfected, the concentration of the object surface is 1000mg/L, and when there are obvious pollutants, the concentration is 10000mg/L. When indoor air and water are disinfected, the product instructions shall be followed.
Notes on 2.4
Disinfectants for external use shall not be taken orally and shall be placed in places not easily accessible to children.
Masks and gloves should be worn when preparing and repackaging high-concentration disinfectant; gloves should be worn when using to avoid contact with skin. If accidentally splashed into the eyes, should immediately rinse with water, serious cases should seek medical attention.
It has a corrosive effect on metals and a bleaching and fading effect on fabrics. Metal and non-ferrous fabrics with caution.
Strong oxidant, not in contact with flammable materials, should be away from the fire source.
Keep it in a cool and dry place for sealed preservation, and shall not be stored and transported together with reducing substances.
The packaging shall be marked with corresponding safety warning signs.
Use in accordance with the scope of use, method of use, validity period and safety test results indicated in the specific product manual.
3 chlorine dioxide disinfectant
Effective Ingredients of 3.1
The content of chlorine dioxide after activation is ≥ 2000mg/L, and the product is not required to be activated according to the product specification.
Application range of 3.2
Suitable for water (drinking water, hospital sewage), object surface, food and drink, food processing tools and equipment, fruits and vegetables, medical equipment (including endoscopes) and air disinfection treatment.
3.3 method of use
When disinfecting the surface of an object, use a concentration of 50mg/L ~ 100mg/L for 10min ~ 15min; When disinfecting drinking water, use a concentration of 1mg/L ~ 2mg/L for 15min ~ 30min; When disinfecting hospital sewage, use a concentration of 20mg/L ~ 40mg/L for 30min ~ 60min; When disinfecting indoor air, according to the product instructions.
Notes on 3.4
Disinfectants for external use shall not be taken orally and shall be placed in places not easily accessible to children.
It should not be mixed with other disinfectants, alkalis or organic substances.
This product has a bleaching effect; it is corrosive to metals.
Use should wear gloves, avoid high concentrations of disinfectant contact with the skin and inhalation of respiratory tract, such as accidentally splashed into the eyes, should immediately rinse with water, serious cases should seek medical attention.
4. Peroxide disinfectants
Effective ingredients of 4.1
Hydrogen peroxide disinfectant: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mass fraction of 3% ~ 6%.
Peracetic acid disinfectant: peracetic acid (calculated as C2H4O3) mass fraction 15% ~ 21%.
Application range of 4.2 plating
It is suitable for disinfection of object surface, indoor air, skin wound and corrosion-resistant medical equipment.
4.3 method of use
Object surface: 0.1%~ 0.2% peracetic acid or 3% hydrogen peroxide, spray or soak for disinfection for 30min, and then rinse with clear water to remove residual disinfectant.
Indoor air disinfection: 0.2 peroxyacetic acid or 3% hydrogen peroxide, calculated by aerosol spray method, the dosage is 10mL/m3 ~ 20mL/m3(1g/m3), and ventilation is carried out after 60min of disinfection. 15% peroxyacetic acid can also be used for heating fumigation, the dosage is calculated as 7mL/m3, and ventilation is carried out after fumigation for 1~2h.
Skin wound disinfection: 3% hydrogen peroxide disinfectant, directly rinse the skin surface, the role of 3~5min.
Disinfection of medical devices: high-level disinfection of corrosion-resistant medical devices, soaking with 6% hydrogen peroxide for 120min, or washing with 0.5 peracetic acid for 10min, and washing with sterile water to remove residual disinfectant after disinfection.
Notes on 4.4
Liquid peroxide disinfectants are corrosive, irritating to eyes, mucous membranes and skin, and risk of burns. If you touch them carelessly, rinse with plenty of water and seek medical attention in time.
Personal protective equipment should be worn during disinfection operations.
In case of container rupture or leakage, flush with a large amount of water, or absorb residual liquid with sand or inert absorbent, and take corresponding safety protection measures.
Flammable and explosive, in case of open flame and high heat, it will cause combustion and explosion. In case of contact with reducing agent, there is danger of combustion and explosion in case of metal powder.
5 Iodine-containing disinfectant
Effective ingredients of 5.1
Iodine tincture: available iodine 18g/L ~ 22g/L, ethanol 40% ~ 50%.
Iodophor: available iodine 2g/L ~ 10g/L.
Application range of 5.2
Iodine tincture: suitable for surgical site, injection and puncture site skin and neonatal umbilical cord skin disinfection, not suitable for mucous membrane and sensitive parts of the skin disinfection.
Iodophor: suitable for surgical hand and forearm disinfection, mucosal flushing disinfection, etc.
5.3 method of use
Tincture of iodine: use sterile cotton swab or sterile gauze dipped in this product, wipe the skin at the disinfection site for more than 2 times, and then use cotton swab or sterile gauze dipped in 75% medical ethanol to wipe the deiodination. Use available iodine 18g/L ~ 22g/L, action time 1~3min.
Iodophors:
Disinfection of hands and forearms before surgery: on the basis of conventional hand brushing, use sterile gauze to dip iodophor with concentration to evenly wipe the skin from the fingertip to the forearm and the lower 1/3 part of the upper arm; Or directly use a sterile brush to dip iodophor with concentration from the fingertip to the forearm and the lower 1/3 part of the upper arm, and then wipe dry. Use effective iodine 2g/L ~ 10g/L, action time 3min ~ 5min.
Mucous membrane flushing disinfection: containing effective iodine 250mg/L ~ 500mg/L iodophor dilution directly to the disinfection site flushing or wiping.
Notes on 5.4
External use of disinfectant, prohibit oral.
Place where children cannot reach.
Use with caution in those allergic to iodine.
Sealed, protected from light, stored in a cool and ventilated place.
6. Bromine-containing disinfectant
Effective Ingredients of 6.1
Bromochloro -5,5-dimethylhydantoin, mass fraction 92% ~ 95%, effective halogen (calculated as Cl) mass fraction 54% ~ 56%.
1,3-dibromo -5,5-dimethylhydantoin, mass fraction 96%~ 99%, effective bromine (calculated as Br) mass fraction 107%~ 111%.
Application Range of 6.2
Suitable for surface disinfection.
6.3 method of use
Object surface disinfection commonly used immersion, wipe or spray and other methods. Bromochloro -5,5-dimethylhydantoin total effective halogen 200mg/L ~ 400mg/L, acting for 15min ~ 20min; 1,3-dibromo -5,5-dimethylhydantoin effective bromine 400mg/L ~ 500mg/L, acting for 10min ~ 20min.
Notes on 6.4
Bromine disinfectants are for external use and shall not be taken orally.
This product is a strong oxidant, contact with flammable materials can cause spontaneous combustion without open flame, should be far away from flammable materials and fire sources.
It is forbidden to store and transport together with the reduced material to prevent explosion.
Products without corrosion inhibitors are corrosive to metals.
It has bleaching and fading effect on colored fabrics.
This product has a pungent odor, the eyes, mucous membrane, skin burn risk, strictly prohibited contact with the human body. Such as careless contact, should be promptly washed with a large amount of water, serious when sent to hospital for treatment.
Operators should wear protective glasses, rubber gloves and other labor protection articles.
7 phenolic disinfectant
Effective ingredients of 7.1
According to the product specification.
Application range of 7.2
Suitable for disinfection of surfaces and fabrics.
7.3 method of use
The surface of the object and the fabric are wiped and disinfected with the active ingredient 1000mg/L ~ 2000mg/L for 15min ~ 30min.
Notes on 7.4
Phenol and cresol are toxic to the human body. Personal protection should be done when disinfecting the environment and the surface of objects. If a high concentration solution comes into contact with the skin, it can be wiped off with ethanol or rinsed with a large amount of water.
After disinfection, the surface of the treated object, fabric and other objects should be wiped or washed with water to remove the residual disinfectant.
Can not be used for the disinfection of bacterial spores contaminated items, can not be used for the Senior high school level of disinfection of medical devices, phenol, cresol as the main bactericidal components of the disinfectant is not suitable for skin, mucous membrane disinfection.
8 Quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant.
Effective ingredients of 8.1
According to the product specification.
Application range of 8.2
Suitable for disinfection of the environment and surfaces (including fibers and fabrics).
It is suitable for hand disinfection, and the disinfectant compounded with alcohol can be used for surgical hand disinfection.
8.3 method of use
Disinfection of object surface: when there is no obvious pollutant, the concentration is 1000mg/L; when there is obvious pollutant, the concentration is 2000mg/L.
Sanitary hand disinfection: the concentration of 1000mg/L is used for cleaning and 2000mg/L is used for pollution.
Notes on 8.4
Disinfectants for external use shall not be taken orally. Place where children cannot reach.
Avoid contact with organics and antagonists. It cannot be used with soap or other anionic detergents, nor can it be used with iodine or peroxides (such as potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, sulfa powder, etc.).
9 References
[1] Hygienic Standard for Ethanol Disinfectants (GB 26373-2010)
[2] Hygienic requirements for chlorine-containing disinfectants (GB/T 36758-2018)
[3] Hygienic Standard for Chlorine Dioxide Disinfectants (GB26366-2010)
[4] Hygienic standard for peroxide disinfectants (GB 26371-2010)
[5] Hygienic Standard for Disinfectants Containing Iodine (GB 26368-2010)
[6] Hygienic standard for bromine-containing disinfectants (GB26370-2010)
[7] Hygienic requirements for phenolic disinfectants (GB 27947-2011)
[8] Hygienic standard for quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants (GB 26369-2010)
[9] Sanitary requirements for disinfectants in epidemic areas (GB 27953-2011)
[10] GB 27952-2011, Hygienic requirements for disinfectants on surfaces of ordinary objects
From: Supervision Letter [2020] No. 147 of the State Health Office